SEO
SEOSearch Engine Optimisation – the practice of improving a website so it ranks higher in unpaid Google search results.
For UK tradespeople, SEO means appearing on page one of Google when homeowners search 'electrician near me' or 'roofer in [town]'. It combines on-page optimisation, technical fixes, content and local signals like Google Business Profile and reviews.
SERP
SEOSearch Engine Results Page – the page Google shows in response to a query.
A modern SERP includes paid ads, the local 3-pack, organic results, People Also Ask, AI Overviews, image carousels and knowledge panels. Tradespeople fight for visibility across multiple SERP features, not just position one.
Organic Search
SEOUnpaid search results earned through SEO, as opposed to paid Google Ads.
Organic clicks cost nothing per click. They compound: rankings earned in month six still drive traffic in year three.
Keyword
SEOA word or phrase that users type into Google – the target of any SEO campaign.
Trade keywords range from short head terms ('electrician') to high-intent long tails ('emergency 24-hour electrician Norwich').
Long-Tail Keyword
SEOA specific multi-word search phrase, usually with lower volume but higher buying intent.
Examples: 'EICR certificate cost London', 'flat roof repair Manchester'. Long-tail keywords convert at 3–5x the rate of generic head terms.
Search Intent
SEOThe underlying goal behind a Google search – informational, navigational, commercial or transactional.
A query like 'how does a combi boiler work' is informational. 'Emergency boiler repair near me' is transactional. Pages must match the intent to rank.
Title Tag
SEOThe HTML element that defines a page's title – shown as the clickable headline in Google.
Should be under 60 characters, include the focus keyword and a location modifier where relevant. Example: 'Emergency Electrician Norwich | 24/7 Callout | Sparks Ltd'.
Meta Description
SEOThe short snippet of text shown beneath the title tag in Google search results.
Not a direct ranking factor, but a strong CTR lever. Keep under 160 characters and include the keyword plus a clear call to action.
H1
SEOThe main on-page heading – the most important text element for telling Google what a page is about.
One H1 per page. Should match the search intent. Example H1 for a service page: 'Boiler Installation in Leeds – Gas Safe Engineers'.
Meta Tag
SEOAn HTML tag in the page head that gives search engines metadata such as title, description, robots and canonical.
Lovable apps inject meta tags via React Helmet so each route can have unique SEO settings.
Canonical Tag
SEOAn HTML link element that tells Google the preferred version of a page when duplicates exist.
Critical for trade sites with location pages and tracking parameters. Wrong canonicals can wipe a page from the index.
Alt Text
SEOA description added to images for screen readers and search engines.
Describes what the image shows – not stuffed with keywords. 'Engineer fitting Worcester Bombi 4000 in Norwich kitchen' is good alt text.
Internal Linking
SEOHyperlinks between pages on the same website – used to pass authority and guide crawlers.
Strong internal linking funnels ranking power into your money pages (services, locations, contact).
Anchor Text
SEOThe clickable text inside a hyperlink.
Descriptive anchor text ('Norwich electrician services') outperforms generic anchors ('click here') for both users and Google.
Schema Markup
SEOStructured data added to a page in JSON-LD format that helps search engines understand the content.
LocalBusiness, Service, FAQPage, BreadcrumbList and Review schema are essential for trade websites and unlock rich results in Google.
Structured Data
SEOStandardised tagging that describes page content to search engines and AI systems.
Used interchangeably with schema markup. Critical for AI search citations from ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity.
Sitemap
SEOAn XML file listing every URL on your site so search engines can crawl them efficiently.
SEO For The Trade uses a sitemap index pointing to separate sitemaps for pages, services, blog posts and locations.
robots.txt
SEOA plain text file that tells search engine crawlers which URLs they can or cannot access.
Used to block admin pages, staging sites and bot traps. Always include a Sitemap directive for discovery.
Crawling
SEOThe process search engines use to discover and download web pages.
Googlebot follows links and sitemap entries. Sites with poor internal linking get crawled less often.
Indexing
SEOThe process of adding crawled pages to Google's database so they can appear in search results.
Pages must be indexed before they can rank. Check Google Search Console's coverage report to confirm.
Core Web Vitals
SEOGoogle's set of performance metrics measuring real-world user experience – LCP, INP and CLS.
Slow-loading trade sites lose mobile rankings. Aim for LCP under 2.5s, INP under 200ms and CLS under 0.1.
Mobile-First Indexing
SEOGoogle's policy of indexing the mobile version of a website rather than the desktop version.
Over 70% of trade searches happen on mobile. A poor mobile experience now means poor rankings on every device.
301 Redirect
SEOA permanent server-side redirect from an old URL to a new one.
Used to preserve SEO equity when migrating from WordPress to a modern stack. Cloudflare edge rules handle these without app code.
404 Error
SEOAn HTTP status code indicating a page was not found.
Excessive 404s waste crawl budget and frustrate users. Monitor them and 301-redirect popular dead URLs to live equivalents.
Backlink
SEOAn inbound hyperlink from another website to yours.
Quality matters more than quantity. One link from a UK trade body or local newspaper outweighs 100 from spammy directories.
Domain Authority
SEOA third-party score (most commonly from Moz) estimating how likely a domain is to rank.
Not a Google metric, but useful for benchmarking competitors. Trade sites typically range DA 10–35.
Link Building
SEOThe process of earning backlinks from other websites.
For trades: trade body listings, supplier websites, local press, local sports sponsorships and citation cleanup.
E-E-A-T
SEOExperience, Expertise, Authoritativeness and Trustworthiness – Google's quality framework for evaluating content.
Demonstrated through author bios, certifications (Gas Safe, NICEIC), case studies, reviews and consistent NAP.
AI Overviews
SEOGoogle's AI-generated answer that appears at the top of many search results.
Pulls from authoritative pages with strong schema, clear structure and direct answers. Tradespeople optimise for this with Q&A formatted content and FAQ schema.
LLM SEO
SEOOptimising content to be cited by Large Language Models like ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity and Claude.
Achieved through llms.txt files, semantic HTML, fact-sheet style pages, glossaries and consistent entity definitions.
llms.txt
SEOA proposed plain-text file that summarises a website for AI crawlers and language models.
Lives at /llms.txt. Used by ChatGPT, Perplexity and other AI search engines to understand a brand without rendering JavaScript.
Topical Authority
SEOThe depth of expertise a website demonstrates on a specific subject.
Google rewards sites that cover a topic comprehensively. For trades, this means full guides, glossaries, FAQs and case studies – not just a homepage.
Pillar Page
SEOA long-form page that covers a broad topic and links out to detailed sub-articles.
Used to organise topical clusters. A trade SEO pillar might link to guides, location pages and service pages for a complete authority hub.
Topic Cluster
SEOA group of related pages linked together to demonstrate expertise on a topic.
Pillar + cluster architecture beats stand-alone posts for ranking competitive trade keywords.
Entity SEO
SEOOptimising for Google's understanding of named things – people, places, businesses, concepts.
Achieved with consistent NAP, schema, sameAs links and clear definitions on glossary or fact-sheet pages.
Knowledge Panel
SEOThe information box Google shows on the right of search results for recognised entities.
Powered by entity data, schema and structured citations. A trade brand with a knowledge panel earns instant trust.
Featured Snippet
SEOA summarised answer Google pulls from a page and shows above the regular results.
Trade businesses win these by formatting answers in clear paragraphs (40-60 words), tables or numbered lists.
People Also Ask
SEOAn expanding list of related questions shown in Google search results.
Each PAA result is a snippet opportunity. Targeted with FAQ-style content and schema.
Zero-Click Search
SEOA Google search that ends without the user clicking through to any website.
Now the majority of all searches. Brand visibility within snippets, AI Overviews and the Map Pack matters even without a click.
Crawl Budget
SEOThe number of pages Googlebot will crawl on a site within a given period.
Rarely an issue for small trade sites, but bloated WordPress installs with thousands of tag pages can waste it.
Index Coverage
SEOThe Google Search Console report showing which pages are indexed and which are excluded.
First place to look when a trade page won't rank. Common errors: 'Discovered – not indexed', 'Soft 404', 'Duplicate without canonical'.
Robots.txt
SEOA text file at the root of a domain that tells search engines which pages they may crawl.
Misconfigured robots.txt files can accidentally hide entire trade websites from Google – the most common reason for sudden ranking collapses.
XML Sitemap
SEOA machine-readable list of every important URL on a website.
Submitted in Google Search Console to speed up indexing of new service pages, locations and blog posts.
Hreflang
SEOAn HTML attribute that tells Google which language and region a page targets.
UK trade sites use hreflang='en-GB' to signal British English and avoid being shown to US searchers.
Faceted Navigation
SEOFilterable URL parameters used on listing pages – e.g. ?category=plumber&location=norwich.
Can create thousands of duplicate URLs if uncontrolled. Trade directories must canonicalise filter combinations carefully.
Duplicate Content
SEOIdentical or very similar content appearing on multiple URLs.
Common on trade sites with copy-pasted location pages. Either consolidate or rewrite with genuinely unique local detail.
Thin Content
SEOPages with little or no substantive value – often under 300 words.
Major reason trade location pages fail to rank. Aim for 800+ words of genuinely useful local content per page.
Cornerstone Content
SEOThe most important pages on a website that you want to rank for primary keywords.
For UK trades these are the main service pages and top location pages. They receive the most internal links and should be the deepest content.
Cannibalisation
SEOWhen two pages on the same site compete for the same keyword and both underperform.
Frequent on trade sites with overlapping service pages. Fixed by merging, redirecting or differentiating intent.
Core Web Vitals
SEOGoogle's set of speed and stability metrics – LCP, INP and CLS – used as ranking signals.
Trade sites that fail Core Web Vitals lose Map Pack rankings. Optimise images, defer scripts and use lazy loading.
LCP
SEOLargest Contentful Paint – how quickly the largest visible element loads.
Should be under 2.5 seconds. Usually the hero image on trade websites – preload it and serve in WebP.
INP
SEOInteraction to Next Paint – how responsive a page feels when users tap or click.
Replaced FID in 2024. Should be under 200ms. Often broken by heavy JavaScript on cheap WordPress trade sites.
CLS
SEOCumulative Layout Shift – how much the page jumps around as it loads.
Should be under 0.1. Caused by images without dimensions, late-loading ads or web fonts.
Lazy Loading
SEODeferring image and iframe loading until the user scrolls near them.
Massively improves LCP for image-heavy trade portfolios. Enabled with loading='lazy' on img tags.
WebP
SEOA modern image format that's 25-35% smaller than JPEG at equivalent quality.
Standard on every trade site we build. Reduces bandwidth and improves Core Web Vitals scores.
Render Blocking
SEOResources that prevent a page from displaying until they finish loading.
Usually CSS or JS in the page head. Defer or async-load to unblock paint and improve LCP.
Server-Side Rendering
SEOGenerating page HTML on the server before sending it to the browser.
Crucial for SPAs. Without SSR or prerendering, single-page React sites can be invisible to crawlers.
Prerendering
SEOPre-generating static HTML for bots so JavaScript-heavy sites can be indexed.
We use a Cloudflare Worker plus Prerender.io to make sure every page on a React trade site renders fully for Google.
Mobile-First Indexing
SEOGoogle's policy of using the mobile version of a site as the primary source for indexing and ranking.
If a trade site looks broken on a phone, it ranks badly even on desktop. Mobile speed and UX are now non-negotiable.
AMP
SEOAccelerated Mobile Pages – Google's framework for ultra-fast mobile pages.
Largely deprecated. Modern Core Web Vitals optimisation makes AMP unnecessary for trade websites.
HTTPS
SEOEncrypted version of HTTP – the secure protocol shown by the padlock in browsers.
A baseline ranking factor since 2014. Non-HTTPS trade sites are flagged as 'Not Secure' and lose conversions instantly.
Redirect
SEOAn instruction that sends a user and search engine from one URL to another.
301 (permanent) preserves SEO value. 302 (temporary) does not. Critical when migrating a trade site to preserve link equity.
Soft 404
SEOA page that returns a 200 OK status but looks empty or irrelevant to Google.
Google de-indexes them. Common on poorly-built trade sites with empty location pages.
Orphan Page
SEOA page with no internal links pointing to it.
Google rarely finds or ranks orphan pages. Common with old service pages forgotten in a site re-design.
Noindex
SEOA meta tag that tells search engines not to include a page in their index.
Used on thank-you pages, internal admin or duplicate content. Accidentally noindexing a service page is a top-five SEO disaster.
E-E-A-T
SEOGoogle's quality framework: Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness.
Trade businesses prove E-E-A-T with author bios, qualifications (Gas Safe, NICEIC), case studies, reviews and About pages.
Author Schema
SEOStructured data identifying the author of a piece of content.
Boosts E-E-A-T signals when the author is a credentialled expert with their own profile page and sameAs links.
Content Pruning
SEODeleting or merging low-quality pages to lift the overall quality of a site.
Trade sites often carry 50+ thin blog posts dragging rankings down. Pruning can lift sitewide visibility within weeks.
Content Refresh
SEOUpdating older articles with new information, dates and structure.
Often the highest-ROI SEO activity. A 2022 trade guide refreshed for 2026 can recover lost positions in days.
Skyscraper Technique
SEOFinding the top-ranking page for a keyword and creating something significantly better.
A useful framework for trade content but only works when paired with internal links and outreach.
Keyword Density
SEOThe percentage of times a keyword appears on a page relative to total word count.
Largely outdated. Modern Google understands semantic context – natural use of a keyword and related terms is better than counting.
LSI Keywords
SEOLatent Semantic Indexing keywords – terms semantically related to the main keyword.
More accurately called 'related terms'. For a plumber: 'pipe', 'leak', 'boiler', 'water pressure'. Including them broadens topical coverage.
Semantic SEO
SEOOptimising for the meaning of a query rather than the exact words.
Google's BERT and MUM models understand intent. Writing for humans on a clear topic now beats keyword stuffing on every metric.
Backlink
SEOA hyperlink from one website to another.
Backlinks remain one of Google's top-three ranking factors. Quality (relevance and authority) beats quantity for trades.
Domain Authority
SEOA third-party score (Moz) estimating how strongly a domain is likely to rank.
Not a Google metric, but a useful proxy. Trade sites typically operate between DA 10-30.
Domain Rating
SEOAhrefs' equivalent of Domain Authority – measures backlink profile strength.
Used to benchmark a trade site against competitors. A DR jump of 5-10 typically signals serious link-building progress.
Link Building
SEOThe practice of earning backlinks from other websites.
For UK trades, the best links come from local press, chambers of commerce, suppliers and trade associations – not generic guest posts.
Digital PR
SEOEarning high-authority backlinks through press coverage, data stories and journalist outreach.
The most powerful link-building tactic of the last decade. A single Telegraph or BBC link can transform a trade site's authority.
Guest Post
SEOAn article published on someone else's website with a link back to your own.
Effective when the host site is genuinely relevant and high-quality. Mass-market guest post packages are a waste of money.
HARO
SEOHelp A Reporter Out – a service connecting journalists with expert sources.
Replaced by Connectively. Tradespeople answering journalist queries can earn high-DA backlinks from national press.
PBN
SEOPrivate Blog Network – a group of websites built specifically to link to a target site.
Against Google's guidelines. Trade businesses caught using PBNs face manual penalties and ranking collapse.
Disavow
SEOTelling Google to ignore specific backlinks pointing at your site.
Used when toxic links from spam sites threaten rankings. Submitted via Google Search Console.
Anchor Distribution
SEOThe mix of anchor text types pointing at a domain.
Over-optimised exact-match anchors trigger penalties. Healthy distributions skew toward branded and natural URL anchors.